منابع مشابه
Original Contribution Are Women Who Smoke at Higher Risk for Lung Cancer Than Men Who Smoke?
Worldwide lung cancer incidence is decreasing or leveling off among men, but rising among women. Sex differences in associations of tobacco carcinogens with lung cancer risk have been hypothesized, but the epidemiologic evidence is conflicting. We tested sex-smoking interaction in association with lung cancer risk within a population-based case-control study, the Environment and Genetics in Lun...
متن کاملAre women who smoke at higher risk for lung cancer than men who smoke?
Worldwide lung cancer incidence is decreasing or leveling off among men, but rising among women. Sex differences in associations of tobacco carcinogens with lung cancer risk have been hypothesized, but the epidemiologic evidence is conflicting. We tested sex-smoking interaction in association with lung cancer risk within a population-based case-control study, the Environment and Genetics in Lun...
متن کاملWho needs numbers more: patients or doctors?
One of the most burning problems of modern urology still remains the treatment of bladder cancer, which has the highest recurrence rate of any malignancy. Depending on a patient's individual characteristics, the probability of recurrence of non–muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) at one–year ranges from about 20% to 72% and the probability of progression at five years ranges from about 5% to...
متن کاملWho continues to smoke while pregnant?
STUDY OBJECTIVE The aim was to study changes in smoking habits during pregnancy and differences in characteristics between women who stop smoking and those who continue to smoke during pregnancy. DESIGN The study was a population based prospective study. Self administered questionnaires were completed on three occasions. SETTING The study area was Uppsala county, Sweden, in 1987. PARTICIP...
متن کاملAdult smokers who do not smoke daily.
Almost 20% of Californian smokers do not smoke daily. Although occasional (non-daily) smoking occurs during uptake, a stable pattern of occasional smoking may imply a milder level of nicotine addiction. We use a longitudinal population sample of smokers interviewed in both 1990 and 1992 to evaluate the stability of occasional smoking. Further, we use 1992 data, including smokers only interviewe...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: BMJ
سال: 1995
ISSN: 0959-8138,1468-5833
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.311.7010.945